Category: Behavioral Targeting

Here’s what we included in our recent filing at the FTC.

The Failure of Industry Self-regulation

It should be evident to all that self-regulation to protect consumer privacy online has been a dismal failure, and the FTC must have the courage to admit this. After all, it wasn’t until CDD/USPIRG and other consumer groups filed well-publicized complaints (and helped create a public outcry over the privacy implications of the Google/DoubleClick deal) that the FTC finally issued its privacy principles in 2007.^[183] And it took such pressure to awaken the National Advertising Initiative (NAI) and its members from the deep freeze of inaction, belatedly scrambling to “enhance” their “Self-Regulatory Code of Conduct, a set of binding Principles that has governed members since 2001.”^[184] Since its inception, the NAI had been asleep at the digital self-regulatory “switch.” Otherwise we would not have had the ever-growing personalized data collection, profiling, and targeting apparatus that NAI’s members so enthusiastically embraced. The NAI, it should not be forgotten, was only created to head off serious action by the FTC back in 2000 as a result of the growing concern with online profiling.^[185]

The revised NAI principles reveal how the group remains incapable of ensuring the protection of consumer privacy. They also demonstrate how the NAI cannot be relied on to offer the FTC—or the public—independent and honest proposals that would protect consumers from contemporary online data collection practices. For example, its revised principles—sadly—define sensitive information is the narrowest of terms: “Social Security Numbers or other Government-issued identifiers; Insurance plan numbers; Financial account numbers; Information that describes the precise real-time geographic location of an individual derived through location-based services such as through GPS-enabled devices; Precise information about past, present, or potential future health or medical conditions or treatments, including genetic, genomic, and family medical history.”^[186]

The NAI and its members know full well that copious amounts of data relating to the financial and health status of consumers is currently being collected. Indeed expenditures for online financial marketing alone was $3 billion in 2008. The collection of consumer information resulting from online lead generation—which saw some $1.7 billion in spending last year—is deeply connected to data about a person’s interest in loans or credit.^[187] A growing business in online pharmaceutical marketing is also actively harvesting consumer data, for purposes that include behavioral targeting. If the NAI were a serious independent entity capable of protecting consumers, it would have effectively articulated how sensitive information should be protected.

NAI’s narrow definition of personally identifiable information (PII) is out of touch with online marketing reality: “PII includes name, address, telephone number, email address, financial account number, government-issued identifier, and any other data used or intended to be used to identify, contact or precisely locate a person.”^[188] We urge the commission to examine NAI members’ sites so it can view for itself the stark discrepancies between what is promised advertisers in terms of personalized consumer targeting and the NAI’s purposefully narrow and inaccurate definition of PII.

Finally, we find it absurd that all the NAI could do in serving the privacy interests of young people is to conform to the legal standards of the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act. (COPPA is a law CDD’s executive director played a key leadership role in helping pass in 1998.) It is unfortunate that the NAI could not offer new safeguards for children, including policies to protect adolescent privacy.

Unfortunately, the “Self-Regulatory Principles for Online Behavioral Advertising,” released in July 2009 by the American Association of Advertising Agencies, Association of National Advertisers, Council of Better Business Bureaus, Direct Marketing Association, and the Interactive Advertising Bureau, are equally inadequate.^[189] While an improvement over the stance embraced by the IAB in 2008, when it claimed there were no privacy concerns related to behavioral advertising, the new principles cannot be relied on to protect consumers.^[190] Its “Sensitive Data” principle in particular, much like the NAI’s, is so inadequate that the FTC should consider bringing an Unfair and Deceptive Complaint against its authors. There are only two categories of information listed under the sensitive principle: Children and “Health and Financial Data.” Under the latter, AAAA et al’s principle is simply that “Entities should not collect and use financial account numbers, Social Security numbers, pharmaceutical prescriptions, or medical records about a specific individual for Online Behavioral Advertising without Consent.”^[191] Again, this flies in the face of what the members of these groups actually do when collecting health and financial data for online advertising. As for protecting children, the AAAA and its associates—like the NAI—simply endorse the legal framework already required by COPPA. But by failing to address adolescent privacy, the AAAA et al. reveal that they are really concerned only with maintaining the data collection/profiling/targeting status quo.

As the history of self-regulation of the media in the U.S. makes clear, we need strong baseline laws and regulations to ensure serious industry compliance. That’s why this new proceeding must lead to FTC action that will ensure that consumer privacy online is finally safeguarded.